{"id":1604,"date":"2017-02-12T01:30:48","date_gmt":"2017-02-12T01:30:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sentencing.net\/?p=1604"},"modified":"2019-11-08T15:13:01","modified_gmt":"2019-11-08T20:13:01","slug":"burrage-applies-retroactively","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sentencing.net\/habeas-corpus\/burrage-applies-retroactively","title":{"rendered":"Burrage Applies Retroactively To Cases On Collateral Review"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p>In <em>Burrage v. United States<\/em>, 134 S. Ct. 881 (2014), the Supreme Court held that \u201cat least where use of the drug distributed by the defendant is not an independently sufficient cause of the victim&#8217;s death or serious <a href=\"https:\/\/sentencing.net\/sentencing\/bodily-injury-enhancement-reversed\">bodily injury<\/a>, a defendant cannot be liable under the penalty enhancement provision of 21 U.S.C. \u00a7 841(b)(1)(C) unless such use is a but-for cause of the death or injury.\u201dTiofilla Santillana filed a 28 U.S.C. 2241 petition challenging her conviction in light of <em>Burrage<\/em>. The district court dismissed the petition for lack of jurisdiction, finding that the \u201csavings clause\u201d of 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 2255 barred her challenge. The Fifth Circuit reversed. In sum, as a substantive decision narrowing the scope a federal criminal statute, <em>Burrage<\/em> applies retroactively to cases on collateral review.<\/p>\r\n<p>To start, the court rejected district court decisions holding that <em>Burrage<\/em> is not retroactive because it is based on the Supreme Court\u2019s decisions in <em>Alleyne<\/em> and <em>Apprendi<\/em>. \u201cThose (district court) decisions are simply incorrect,\u201d the Fifth Circuit held citing <a href=\"http:\/\/media.ca7.uscourts.gov\/cgi-bin\/rssExec.pl?Submit=Display&amp;Path=Y2016\/D11-22\/C:15-2481:J:Rovner:aut:T:fnOp:N:1867405:S:0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Krieger v. United States<\/em><\/a>, 842 F.3d 490, 499\u2013500 (7th Cir. 2016).<\/p>\r\n<p>\u201cThe <em>Burrage<\/em> holding is not about who decides a given question (judge or jury) or what the burden of proof is (preponderance versus proof beyond a reasonable doubt)\u2014those questions are the province of <em>Apprendi<\/em> and <em>Alleyne<\/em>\u2014but \u2018is rather about what must be proved.&#8221;<\/p>\r\n<p>And because the evidence in Santillana\u2019s case tended to show that she was convicted of a non-existent offense, the court held that she had satisfied the requirements of the savings clause and was free to proceed via a 2241 petition.<\/p>\r\n<p>This is an extremely important habeas decision given the constraints federal prisoners operate under in utilizing \u00a7 2241. A \u00a7 2241 petition may only be used when the requirements of the &#8220;savings clause&#8221; of 28 U.S.C. \u00a7 2255 are satisfied, which requires a showing that a \u00a7 2255 motion would be &#8220;inadequate or ineffective&#8221; to testy the legality of detention. See:\u00a0<em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ca5.uscourts.gov\/opinions\/pub\/15\/15-10606-CV0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Santillana v. Upton<\/a><\/em>, No. 15-10606\u00a0(5<sup>th<\/sup> Cir. 2017).\u00a0 Burrage Applies Retroactively | Collateral Review | Sentencing.net<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Burrage v. United States, 134 S. Ct. 881 (2014), the Supreme Court held that \u201cat least where use of the drug distributed by the defendant is not an independently sufficient cause of the victim&#8217;s death or serious bodily injury, a defendant cannot be liable under the penalty enhancement provision of 21 U.S.C. \u00a7 841(b)(1)(C)&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1608,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[328],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Burrage Applies Retroactively | Collateral Review | Sentencing.net<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Supreme Court&#039;s decision in Burrage v. 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